Sorabjee Shapurji Bengali: Champion of Parsi Reforms

 

Sorabjee Shapurji Bengali: Champion of Parsi Reforms

Introduction
Sorabjee Shapurji Bengali (1831–1893) was a radiant force in the Parsi reform movement, dedicating his life to uplifting his community through social and religious change. A key figure in the Rahanumai Mazdayasnan Sabha, he fought against oppressive customs like purdah and championed women’s education, paving the way for a more equitable Parsi society. His work as a journalist, educator, and reformer made him a beloved figure whose legacy of compassion and progress continues to inspire.

Reasons for Inception
In the 19th century, the Parsi community, though small and affluent, faced internal challenges. Zoroastrianism had become encumbered with complex rituals, and social practices like purdah secluded women, limiting their education and freedom. Child marriage was common, robbing girls of their childhood and health. The rise of Christian missionary schools, which offered education but encouraged conversion, alarmed Parsi leaders. Sorabjee Bengali, a Western-educated intellectual, recognized that these issues threatened the community’s vitality. Inspired by reformers like Dadabhai Naoroji and Naoroji Furdonji, he joined the Rahanumai Mazdayasnan Sabha in 1851 to modernize Parsi society. His particular passion was women’s emancipation, believing that educating women and ending purdah were essential for progress. The Sabha’s goal to restore Zoroastrianism’s simplicity and promote social reform aligned perfectly with Bengali’s vision.

Course of Actions
Sorabjee Bengali was a dynamic member of the Rahanumai Mazdayasnan Sabha, serving as its secretary and amplifying its message through journalism. In 1850, he launched Jagat Mitra and, in 1851, Jagat Premi, journals that promoted reformist ideas among Parsis. These publications criticized orthodox practices, such as astrology and extravagant ceremonies, and advocated for women’s education and the abolition of purdah. Bengali’s writings were clear and persuasive, reaching both educated Parsis and the wider community.

As a reformer, Bengali focused on education as the cornerstone of change. He supported the Sabha’s efforts to establish schools for Parsi girls, a bold move in a society where female literacy was rare. These schools taught modern subjects alongside Zoroastrian ethics, empowering girls to become independent thinkers. Bengali also campaigned against purdah, arguing that it confined women’s potential and contradicted Zoroastrianism’s egalitarian roots. He worked to raise the marriage age, collaborating with the Sabha to discourage child marriages.

Beyond the Sabha, Bengali was a founder of the Students’ Literary and Scientific Society in 1845, fostering intellectual growth among young Parsis. His involvement in civic organizations, like the Bombay Association, showed his commitment to broader social progress. Despite opposition from conservative Parsis, who feared losing traditional values, Bengali’s charisma and the Sabha’s community support kept the reform movement strong.

Results and Impact
Sorabjee Bengali’s contributions transformed the Parsi community. His advocacy for women’s education led to a surge in female literacy, with Parsi women emerging as teachers, writers, and professionals. The abolition of purdah allowed women greater social participation, making Parsis a model of gender equality in India. The campaign against child marriage improved women’s health and agency, setting a precedent for other communities. Bengali’s journals, Jagat Mitra and Jagat Premi, inspired a generation of Parsis to embrace reform, complementing the Sabha’s Rast Goftar.

The Sabha’s broader efforts, fueled by Bengali’s work, made Parsis one of India’s most progressive communities. Their high education levels and social mobility influenced other reform movements, such as the Brahmo Samaj. Bengali’s legacy also extended to civic life, as his intellectual forums nurtured leaders who shaped India’s nationalist movement. However, the reforms were not without flaws. The focus on urban Parsis left rural communities less impacted, and some orthodox Parsis resisted Bengali’s progressive ideas, creating tensions within the community.

Despite these challenges, Bengali’s work laid the foundation for a modern Parsi identity. His emphasis on women’s rights was particularly visionary, proving that empowering women strengthens the entire community. His life showed that words, when wielded with purpose, can change hearts and minds.

Conclusion
Sorabjee Shapurji Bengali was a gentle yet powerful force in the Parsi reform movement. Through his journals, advocacy, and unwavering commitment, he lifted the veil of purdah and opened doors of education for women. His work with the Rahanumai Mazdayasnan Sabha reminds us that small communities can spark big changes. Bengali’s legacy is a testament to the power of education and equality in building a brighter, fairer world.